Norway has four nuclear reactors. All are now closed and planning for the clean-up has started.

Nuclear research at the reactors leaves 16.5 tonnes of spent nuclear fuel currently stored at the Department of Energy Technology's (IFE) facilities at Kjeller and Halden.

Facilities and personnel from IFE will eventually be transferred to NND in a business transfer. Already today, IFE and NND work closely together in several areas.

Three major government investment projects/investigations are being carried out in connection with the clean-up: 1) Decommissioning of the nuclear facilities 2) Handling of spent reactor fuel 3) Facilities for storage/disposal of radioactive waste.

The total cost estimate is approximately NOK 21 billion, divided into: 1) Decommissioning — NOK 7 billion 2) Treatment of spent reactor fuel — NOK 4 billion 3) Storage — NOK 10 billion. There is a lot of uncertainty around the cost.

The cleanup work is estimated to take around 20-25 years. By 2045, the plant sites are free of all traces of nuclear activity and freed for other uses. By 2070, a facility for final storage of radioactive waste is projected to be established. (Source: PP from NFD for Municipalities and NGOs).